| ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠤᠰᠧ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ︵边墙 | ） ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ1115 —1234 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ᠤᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠨᠳᠡ 800 | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1926 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠃ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠴᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠧᠩ ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠮᠢᠩ ᠴᠠᠩ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠨᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ | ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠩᠽᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠴᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1650 | ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠃ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠾᠧᠪᠸᠢ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠹᠧᠩ | ᠨᠢᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠨᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠱᠠᠩᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠴᠠᠩ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 276 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠃ | | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠤᠰᠧ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ︽ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠠᠩᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ 91 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠾᠧᠪᠸᠢ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠺᠠᠩ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠤᠰᠧ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠤᠤ ᠰᠤᠪᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ | ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠤᠰᠧ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ︽ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ︾ | ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠬᠤᠤᠰ | ᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠠ 260 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ 4 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ 2 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ | ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 3.6 — 10 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 0.5 —3 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ | ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠩᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤᠳᠠ᠂ | ᠡᠤ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠹᠠᠩ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠲᠢ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠂ ᠾᠧ ᠼᠤᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 200 —300 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠃ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ︽ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠤᠰᠧ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ︵ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ︶ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ︽ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠤ | ᠮᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠤᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ | ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠤᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠤ ᠴᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ︿ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ﹀ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ︾ | ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ |