| ᠭᠦᠨᠪᠤᠯᠠᠬ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠬ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡᠰᠢ | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬ ᠪᠤᠮᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠤᠷᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠸᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠬ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ | ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠵᠥ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠡ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠃ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ︵1907 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠸᠠᠰᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠹᠦᠰᠧ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠸᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠭᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠸᠠᠰᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠢ | ᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠷ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠥ᠂ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ | ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠥ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠫᠧᠩ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠡᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ | ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ ︵1913 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠤᠭᠢᠬᠳᠠᠨ | ᠤᠬᠤᠷᠢᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1916 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ | ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠤᠰᠧ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠥ᠂ 1920 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠹᠦᠰᠧ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠦᠪ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠸᠠᠰᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠤ | ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠹᠦᠰᠧ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠥ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ | ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ 236 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 163 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ 38468 | ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠃ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ 28 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ 35 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ 38 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ 70 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠃ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ | ᠨᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ 128 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ 100 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ 11 ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠ | ᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠸᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠸᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 0.5 —0.8 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ 0.3 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠳᠡᠢ᠃ | |