ᠲᠠᠩᠽᠠᠨᠬᠡᠨᠳᠡᠩᠵᠠᠮᠰᠤ ︵1894 — 1944︶᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠽᠠᠨᠬᠡᠨᠳᠡᠩᠵᠠᠮᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠤᠰᠧ | ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠸᠠᠶᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠨᠰᠢ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠸᠠ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ | ᠂ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠨᠰᠤ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠪᠷᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠪᠦᠮ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠢ | ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠰᠦᠮᠪᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ 1930 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ | ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ᠂ ᠵᠤᠰᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠯᠤᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠭᠤᠰ ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠦ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠭᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠵᠠᠮᠰᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠪᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ | ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠢᠩ | ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠢ | ᠰᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠳ | ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠭᠤᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ | ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ 1932 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠪᠠᠳᠢᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠨᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ ︽ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠬᠡᠨ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ | ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ | ᠭᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠸᠧᠠᠩ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠠᠪᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ᠃ 1936 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠂ ᠵᠡᠩ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠧ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ᠂ | ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ | 1944 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠦᠩ ᠾᠧ ᠬᠦᠩ ︵ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ︶ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠱᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | |