ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠨᠯᠾᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠪ ︵1879 —1929︶ ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠧᠩ ᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠤᠰᠧ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ | ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠴᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠂ ᠬᠠᠩᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠮᠦ᠋ᠩᠬᠡ ︵ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠩᠳᠤᠩᠷᠤᠪ︶ ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ | ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ | ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠰ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ | ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1896 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ 1906 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠤᠰᠧ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠢ | ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1915 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠮᠦ᠋ᠩᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠪᠰᠢᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠨᠯᠾᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠪ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠤᠰᠧ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ | ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠢ᠃ 1927 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠤᠰᠧ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠽᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠺᠤᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1928 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ | ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠦᠩ ᠾᠧ ᠬᠦᠩ ︵ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠢᠩᠺᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1929 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠨᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠨᠯᠾᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠪ ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ | ᠡᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠋ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ | ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ︽ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠤᠰᠧ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠ᠊ ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤᠪᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠨ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ᠂ ᠲᠡᠨᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ | ᠠᠶᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠤᠰᠧ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ | ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ | ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠤᠰᠧ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠨᠵᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠨᠯᠾᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠪ ᠠᠮᠨᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ | ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ︽ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠨ | ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠮᠳᠠᠨᠯᠾᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠪ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠩᠳᠤᠩᠷᠤᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ 1916 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ︽ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ | ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡᠨ ᠰᠧᠲ᠋ᠤᠹᠧᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠺᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠺ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠴᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠ | ᠳᠤ ᠰᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠺᠤᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ |